# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
"""
Implement many useful :class:`Augmentation`.
"""
import numpy as np
import sys
from numpy import random
from typing import Tuple
import torch
from fvcore.transforms.transform import (
BlendTransform,
CropTransform,
HFlipTransform,
NoOpTransform,
PadTransform,
Transform,
TransformList,
VFlipTransform,
)
from PIL import Image
from detectron2.structures import Boxes, pairwise_iou
from .augmentation import Augmentation, _transform_to_aug
from .transform import ExtentTransform, ResizeTransform, RotationTransform
__all__ = [
"FixedSizeCrop",
"RandomApply",
"RandomBrightness",
"RandomContrast",
"RandomCrop",
"RandomExtent",
"RandomFlip",
"RandomSaturation",
"RandomLighting",
"RandomRotation",
"Resize",
"ResizeScale",
"ResizeShortestEdge",
"RandomCrop_CategoryAreaConstraint",
"RandomResize",
"MinIoURandomCrop",
]
class RandomApply(Augmentation):
"""
Randomly apply an augmentation with a given probability.
"""
def __init__(self, tfm_or_aug, prob=0.5):
"""
Args:
tfm_or_aug (Transform, Augmentation): the transform or augmentation
to be applied. It can either be a `Transform` or `Augmentation`
instance.
prob (float): probability between 0.0 and 1.0 that
the wrapper transformation is applied
"""
super().__init__()
self.aug = _transform_to_aug(tfm_or_aug)
assert 0.0 <= prob <= 1.0, f"Probablity must be between 0.0 and 1.0 (given: {prob})"
self.prob = prob
def get_transform(self, *args):
do = self._rand_range() < self.prob
if do:
return self.aug.get_transform(*args)
else:
return NoOpTransform()
def __call__(self, aug_input):
do = self._rand_range() < self.prob
if do:
return self.aug(aug_input)
else:
return NoOpTransform()
class RandomFlip(Augmentation):
"""
Flip the image horizontally or vertically with the given probability.
"""
def __init__(self, prob=0.5, *, horizontal=True, vertical=False):
"""
Args:
prob (float): probability of flip.
horizontal (boolean): whether to apply horizontal flipping
vertical (boolean): whether to apply vertical flipping
"""
super().__init__()
if horizontal and vertical:
raise ValueError("Cannot do both horiz and vert. Please use two Flip instead.")
if not horizontal and not vertical:
raise ValueError("At least one of horiz or vert has to be True!")
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
h, w = image.shape[:2]
do = self._rand_range() < self.prob
if do:
if self.horizontal:
return HFlipTransform(w)
elif self.vertical:
return VFlipTransform(h)
else:
return NoOpTransform()
class Resize(Augmentation):
"""Resize image to a fixed target size"""
def __init__(self, shape, interp=Image.BILINEAR):
"""
Args:
shape: (h, w) tuple or a int
interp: PIL interpolation method
"""
if isinstance(shape, int):
shape = (shape, shape)
shape = tuple(shape)
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
return ResizeTransform(
image.shape[0], image.shape[1], self.shape[0], self.shape[1], self.interp
)
class ResizeShortestEdge(Augmentation):
"""
Resize the image while keeping the aspect ratio unchanged.
It attempts to scale the shorter edge to the given `short_edge_length`,
as long as the longer edge does not exceed `max_size`.
If `max_size` is reached, then downscale so that the longer edge does not exceed max_size.
"""
@torch.jit.unused
def __init__(
self, short_edge_length, max_size=sys.maxsize, sample_style="range", interp=Image.BILINEAR
):
"""
Args:
short_edge_length (list[int]): If ``sample_style=="range"``,
a [min, max] interval from which to sample the shortest edge length.
If ``sample_style=="choice"``, a list of shortest edge lengths to sample from.
max_size (int): maximum allowed longest edge length.
sample_style (str): either "range" or "choice".
"""
super().__init__()
assert sample_style in ["range", "choice"], sample_style
self.is_range = sample_style == "range"
if isinstance(short_edge_length, int):
short_edge_length = (short_edge_length, short_edge_length)
if self.is_range:
assert len(short_edge_length) == 2, (
"short_edge_length must be two values using 'range' sample style."
f" Got {short_edge_length}!"
)
self._init(locals())
@torch.jit.unused
def get_transform(self, image):
h, w = image.shape[:2]
if self.is_range:
size = np.random.randint(self.short_edge_length[0], self.short_edge_length[1] + 1)
else:
size = np.random.choice(self.short_edge_length)
if size == 0:
return NoOpTransform()
newh, neww = ResizeShortestEdge.get_output_shape(h, w, size, self.max_size)
return ResizeTransform(h, w, newh, neww, self.interp)
[docs] @staticmethod
def get_output_shape(
oldh: int, oldw: int, short_edge_length: int, max_size: int
) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""
Compute the output size given input size and target short edge length.
"""
h, w = oldh, oldw
size = short_edge_length * 1.0
scale = size / min(h, w)
if h < w:
newh, neww = size, scale * w
else:
newh, neww = scale * h, size
if max(newh, neww) > max_size:
scale = max_size * 1.0 / max(newh, neww)
newh = newh * scale
neww = neww * scale
neww = int(neww + 0.5)
newh = int(newh + 0.5)
return (newh, neww)
class ResizeScale(Augmentation):
"""
Takes target size as input and randomly scales the given target size between `min_scale`
and `max_scale`. It then scales the input image such that it fits inside the scaled target
box, keeping the aspect ratio constant.
This implements the resize part of the Google's 'resize_and_crop' data augmentation:
https://github.com/tensorflow/tpu/blob/master/models/official/detection/utils/input_utils.py#L127
"""
def __init__(
self,
min_scale: float,
max_scale: float,
target_height: int,
target_width: int,
interp: int = Image.BILINEAR,
):
"""
Args:
min_scale: minimum image scale range.
max_scale: maximum image scale range.
target_height: target image height.
target_width: target image width.
interp: image interpolation method.
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def _get_resize(self, image: np.ndarray, scale: float) -> Transform:
input_size = image.shape[:2]
# Compute new target size given a scale.
target_size = (self.target_height, self.target_width)
target_scale_size = np.multiply(target_size, scale)
# Compute actual rescaling applied to input image and output size.
output_scale = np.minimum(
target_scale_size[0] / input_size[0], target_scale_size[1] / input_size[1]
)
output_size = np.round(np.multiply(input_size, output_scale)).astype(int)
return ResizeTransform(
input_size[0], input_size[1], int(output_size[0]), int(output_size[1]), self.interp
)
def get_transform(self, image: np.ndarray) -> Transform:
random_scale = np.random.uniform(self.min_scale, self.max_scale)
return self._get_resize(image, random_scale)
class RandomRotation(Augmentation):
"""
This method returns a copy of this image, rotated the given
number of degrees counter clockwise around the given center.
"""
def __init__(self, angle, expand=True, center=None, sample_style="range", interp=None):
"""
Args:
angle (list[float]): If ``sample_style=="range"``,
a [min, max] interval from which to sample the angle (in degrees).
If ``sample_style=="choice"``, a list of angles to sample from
expand (bool): choose if the image should be resized to fit the whole
rotated image (default), or simply cropped
center (list[[float, float]]): If ``sample_style=="range"``,
a [[minx, miny], [maxx, maxy]] relative interval from which to sample the center,
[0, 0] being the top left of the image and [1, 1] the bottom right.
If ``sample_style=="choice"``, a list of centers to sample from
Default: None, which means that the center of rotation is the center of the image
center has no effect if expand=True because it only affects shifting
"""
super().__init__()
assert sample_style in ["range", "choice"], sample_style
self.is_range = sample_style == "range"
if isinstance(angle, (float, int)):
angle = (angle, angle)
if center is not None and isinstance(center[0], (float, int)):
center = (center, center)
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
h, w = image.shape[:2]
center = None
if self.is_range:
angle = np.random.uniform(self.angle[0], self.angle[1])
if self.center is not None:
center = (
np.random.uniform(self.center[0][0], self.center[1][0]),
np.random.uniform(self.center[0][1], self.center[1][1]),
)
else:
angle = np.random.choice(self.angle)
if self.center is not None:
center = np.random.choice(self.center)
if center is not None:
center = (w * center[0], h * center[1]) # Convert to absolute coordinates
if angle % 360 == 0:
return NoOpTransform()
return RotationTransform(h, w, angle, expand=self.expand, center=center, interp=self.interp)
class FixedSizeCrop(Augmentation):
"""
If `crop_size` is smaller than the input image size, then it uses a random crop of
the crop size. If `crop_size` is larger than the input image size, then it pads
the right and the bottom of the image to the crop size if `pad` is True, otherwise
it returns the smaller image.
"""
def __init__(
self,
crop_size: Tuple[int],
pad: bool = True,
pad_value: float = 128.0,
seg_pad_value: int = 255,
):
"""
Args:
crop_size: target image (height, width).
pad: if True, will pad images smaller than `crop_size` up to `crop_size`
pad_value: the padding value to the image.
seg_pad_value: the padding value to the segmentation mask.
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def _get_crop(self, image: np.ndarray) -> Transform:
# Compute the image scale and scaled size.
input_size = image.shape[:2]
output_size = self.crop_size
# Add random crop if the image is scaled up.
max_offset = np.subtract(input_size, output_size)
max_offset = np.maximum(max_offset, 0)
offset = np.multiply(max_offset, np.random.uniform(0.0, 1.0))
offset = np.round(offset).astype(int)
return CropTransform(
offset[1], offset[0], output_size[1], output_size[0], input_size[1], input_size[0]
)
def _get_pad(self, image: np.ndarray) -> Transform:
# Compute the image scale and scaled size.
input_size = image.shape[:2]
output_size = self.crop_size
# Add padding if the image is scaled down.
pad_size = np.subtract(output_size, input_size)
pad_size = np.maximum(pad_size, 0)
original_size = np.minimum(input_size, output_size)
return PadTransform(
0,
0,
pad_size[1],
pad_size[0],
original_size[1],
original_size[0],
self.pad_value,
self.seg_pad_value,
)
def get_transform(self, image: np.ndarray) -> TransformList:
transforms = [self._get_crop(image)]
if self.pad:
transforms.append(self._get_pad(image))
return TransformList(transforms)
class RandomCrop(Augmentation):
"""
Randomly crop a rectangle region out of an image.
"""
def __init__(self, crop_type: str, crop_size):
"""
Args:
crop_type (str): one of "relative_range", "relative", "absolute", "absolute_range".
crop_size (tuple[float, float]): two floats, explained below.
- "relative": crop a (H * crop_size[0], W * crop_size[1]) region from an input image of
size (H, W). crop size should be in (0, 1]
- "relative_range": uniformly sample two values from [crop_size[0], 1]
and [crop_size[1]], 1], and use them as in "relative" crop type.
- "absolute" crop a (crop_size[0], crop_size[1]) region from input image.
crop_size must be smaller than the input image size.
- "absolute_range", for an input of size (H, W), uniformly sample H_crop in
[crop_size[0], min(H, crop_size[1])] and W_crop in [crop_size[0], min(W, crop_size[1])].
Then crop a region (H_crop, W_crop).
"""
# TODO style of relative_range and absolute_range are not consistent:
# one takes (h, w) but another takes (min, max)
super().__init__()
assert crop_type in ["relative_range", "relative", "absolute", "absolute_range"]
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
h, w = image.shape[:2]
croph, cropw = self.get_crop_size((h, w))
assert h >= croph and w >= cropw, "Shape computation in {} has bugs.".format(self)
h0 = np.random.randint(h - croph + 1)
w0 = np.random.randint(w - cropw + 1)
return CropTransform(w0, h0, cropw, croph)
def get_crop_size(self, image_size):
"""
Args:
image_size (tuple): height, width
Returns:
crop_size (tuple): height, width in absolute pixels
"""
h, w = image_size
if self.crop_type == "relative":
ch, cw = self.crop_size
return int(h * ch + 0.5), int(w * cw + 0.5)
elif self.crop_type == "relative_range":
crop_size = np.asarray(self.crop_size, dtype=np.float32)
ch, cw = crop_size + np.random.rand(2) * (1 - crop_size)
return int(h * ch + 0.5), int(w * cw + 0.5)
elif self.crop_type == "absolute":
return (min(self.crop_size[0], h), min(self.crop_size[1], w))
elif self.crop_type == "absolute_range":
assert self.crop_size[0] <= self.crop_size[1]
ch = np.random.randint(min(h, self.crop_size[0]), min(h, self.crop_size[1]) + 1)
cw = np.random.randint(min(w, self.crop_size[0]), min(w, self.crop_size[1]) + 1)
return ch, cw
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Unknown crop type {}".format(self.crop_type))
class RandomCrop_CategoryAreaConstraint(Augmentation):
"""
Similar to :class:`RandomCrop`, but find a cropping window such that no single category
occupies a ratio of more than `single_category_max_area` in semantic segmentation ground
truth, which can cause unstability in training. The function attempts to find such a valid
cropping window for at most 10 times.
"""
def __init__(
self,
crop_type: str,
crop_size,
single_category_max_area: float = 1.0,
ignored_category: int = None,
):
"""
Args:
crop_type, crop_size: same as in :class:`RandomCrop`
single_category_max_area: the maximum allowed area ratio of a
category. Set to 1.0 to disable
ignored_category: allow this category in the semantic segmentation
ground truth to exceed the area ratio. Usually set to the category
that's ignored in training.
"""
self.crop_aug = RandomCrop(crop_type, crop_size)
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image, sem_seg):
if self.single_category_max_area >= 1.0:
return self.crop_aug.get_transform(image)
else:
h, w = sem_seg.shape
for _ in range(10):
crop_size = self.crop_aug.get_crop_size((h, w))
y0 = np.random.randint(h - crop_size[0] + 1)
x0 = np.random.randint(w - crop_size[1] + 1)
sem_seg_temp = sem_seg[y0 : y0 + crop_size[0], x0 : x0 + crop_size[1]]
labels, cnt = np.unique(sem_seg_temp, return_counts=True)
if self.ignored_category is not None:
cnt = cnt[labels != self.ignored_category]
if len(cnt) > 1 and np.max(cnt) < np.sum(cnt) * self.single_category_max_area:
break
crop_tfm = CropTransform(x0, y0, crop_size[1], crop_size[0])
return crop_tfm
class RandomExtent(Augmentation):
"""
Outputs an image by cropping a random "subrect" of the source image.
The subrect can be parameterized to include pixels outside the source image,
in which case they will be set to zeros (i.e. black). The size of the output
image will vary with the size of the random subrect.
"""
def __init__(self, scale_range, shift_range):
"""
Args:
output_size (h, w): Dimensions of output image
scale_range (l, h): Range of input-to-output size scaling factor
shift_range (x, y): Range of shifts of the cropped subrect. The rect
is shifted by [w / 2 * Uniform(-x, x), h / 2 * Uniform(-y, y)],
where (w, h) is the (width, height) of the input image. Set each
component to zero to crop at the image's center.
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
img_h, img_w = image.shape[:2]
# Initialize src_rect to fit the input image.
src_rect = np.array([-0.5 * img_w, -0.5 * img_h, 0.5 * img_w, 0.5 * img_h])
# Apply a random scaling to the src_rect.
src_rect *= np.random.uniform(self.scale_range[0], self.scale_range[1])
# Apply a random shift to the coordinates origin.
src_rect[0::2] += self.shift_range[0] * img_w * (np.random.rand() - 0.5)
src_rect[1::2] += self.shift_range[1] * img_h * (np.random.rand() - 0.5)
# Map src_rect coordinates into image coordinates (center at corner).
src_rect[0::2] += 0.5 * img_w
src_rect[1::2] += 0.5 * img_h
return ExtentTransform(
src_rect=(src_rect[0], src_rect[1], src_rect[2], src_rect[3]),
output_size=(int(src_rect[3] - src_rect[1]), int(src_rect[2] - src_rect[0])),
)
class RandomContrast(Augmentation):
"""
Randomly transforms image contrast.
Contrast intensity is uniformly sampled in (intensity_min, intensity_max).
- intensity < 1 will reduce contrast
- intensity = 1 will preserve the input image
- intensity > 1 will increase contrast
See: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0.x/reference/ImageEnhance.html
"""
def __init__(self, intensity_min, intensity_max):
"""
Args:
intensity_min (float): Minimum augmentation
intensity_max (float): Maximum augmentation
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
w = np.random.uniform(self.intensity_min, self.intensity_max)
return BlendTransform(src_image=image.mean(), src_weight=1 - w, dst_weight=w)
class RandomBrightness(Augmentation):
"""
Randomly transforms image brightness.
Brightness intensity is uniformly sampled in (intensity_min, intensity_max).
- intensity < 1 will reduce brightness
- intensity = 1 will preserve the input image
- intensity > 1 will increase brightness
See: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0.x/reference/ImageEnhance.html
"""
def __init__(self, intensity_min, intensity_max):
"""
Args:
intensity_min (float): Minimum augmentation
intensity_max (float): Maximum augmentation
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
w = np.random.uniform(self.intensity_min, self.intensity_max)
return BlendTransform(src_image=0, src_weight=1 - w, dst_weight=w)
class RandomSaturation(Augmentation):
"""
Randomly transforms saturation of an RGB image.
Input images are assumed to have 'RGB' channel order.
Saturation intensity is uniformly sampled in (intensity_min, intensity_max).
- intensity < 1 will reduce saturation (make the image more grayscale)
- intensity = 1 will preserve the input image
- intensity > 1 will increase saturation
See: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0.x/reference/ImageEnhance.html
"""
def __init__(self, intensity_min, intensity_max):
"""
Args:
intensity_min (float): Minimum augmentation (1 preserves input).
intensity_max (float): Maximum augmentation (1 preserves input).
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
assert image.shape[-1] == 3, "RandomSaturation only works on RGB images"
w = np.random.uniform(self.intensity_min, self.intensity_max)
grayscale = image.dot([0.299, 0.587, 0.114])[:, :, np.newaxis]
return BlendTransform(src_image=grayscale, src_weight=1 - w, dst_weight=w)
class RandomLighting(Augmentation):
"""
The "lighting" augmentation described in AlexNet, using fixed PCA over ImageNet.
Input images are assumed to have 'RGB' channel order.
The degree of color jittering is randomly sampled via a normal distribution,
with standard deviation given by the scale parameter.
"""
def __init__(self, scale):
"""
Args:
scale (float): Standard deviation of principal component weighting.
"""
super().__init__()
self._init(locals())
self.eigen_vecs = np.array(
[[-0.5675, 0.7192, 0.4009], [-0.5808, -0.0045, -0.8140], [-0.5836, -0.6948, 0.4203]]
)
self.eigen_vals = np.array([0.2175, 0.0188, 0.0045])
def get_transform(self, image):
assert image.shape[-1] == 3, "RandomLighting only works on RGB images"
weights = np.random.normal(scale=self.scale, size=3)
return BlendTransform(
src_image=self.eigen_vecs.dot(weights * self.eigen_vals), src_weight=1.0, dst_weight=1.0
)
class RandomResize(Augmentation):
"""Randomly resize image to a target size in shape_list"""
def __init__(self, shape_list, interp=Image.BILINEAR):
"""
Args:
shape_list: a list of shapes in (h, w)
interp: PIL interpolation method
"""
self.shape_list = shape_list
self._init(locals())
def get_transform(self, image):
shape_idx = np.random.randint(low=0, high=len(self.shape_list))
h, w = self.shape_list[shape_idx]
return ResizeTransform(image.shape[0], image.shape[1], h, w, self.interp)
class MinIoURandomCrop(Augmentation):
"""Random crop the image & bboxes, the cropped patches have minimum IoU
requirement with original image & bboxes, the IoU threshold is randomly
selected from min_ious.
Args:
min_ious (tuple): minimum IoU threshold for all intersections with
bounding boxes
min_crop_size (float): minimum crop's size (i.e. h,w := a*h, a*w,
where a >= min_crop_size)
mode_trials: number of trials for sampling min_ious threshold
crop_trials: number of trials for sampling crop_size after cropping
"""
def __init__(
self,
min_ious=(0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9),
min_crop_size=0.3,
mode_trials=1000,
crop_trials=50,
):
self.min_ious = min_ious
self.sample_mode = (1, *min_ious, 0)
self.min_crop_size = min_crop_size
self.mode_trials = mode_trials
self.crop_trials = crop_trials
def get_transform(self, image, boxes):
"""Call function to crop images and bounding boxes with minimum IoU
constraint.
Args:
boxes: ground truth boxes in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format
"""
if boxes is None:
return NoOpTransform()
h, w, c = image.shape
for _ in range(self.mode_trials):
mode = random.choice(self.sample_mode)
self.mode = mode
if mode == 1:
return NoOpTransform()
min_iou = mode
for _ in range(self.crop_trials):
new_w = random.uniform(self.min_crop_size * w, w)
new_h = random.uniform(self.min_crop_size * h, h)
# h / w in [0.5, 2]
if new_h / new_w < 0.5 or new_h / new_w > 2:
continue
left = random.uniform(w - new_w)
top = random.uniform(h - new_h)
patch = np.array((int(left), int(top), int(left + new_w), int(top + new_h)))
# Line or point crop is not allowed
if patch[2] == patch[0] or patch[3] == patch[1]:
continue
overlaps = pairwise_iou(
Boxes(patch.reshape(-1, 4)), Boxes(boxes.reshape(-1, 4))
).reshape(-1)
if len(overlaps) > 0 and overlaps.min() < min_iou:
continue
# center of boxes should inside the crop img
# only adjust boxes and instance masks when the gt is not empty
if len(overlaps) > 0:
# adjust boxes
def is_center_of_bboxes_in_patch(boxes, patch):
center = (boxes[:, :2] + boxes[:, 2:]) / 2
mask = (
(center[:, 0] > patch[0])
* (center[:, 1] > patch[1])
* (center[:, 0] < patch[2])
* (center[:, 1] < patch[3])
)
return mask
mask = is_center_of_bboxes_in_patch(boxes, patch)
if not mask.any():
continue
return CropTransform(int(left), int(top), int(new_w), int(new_h))